Authorship Criteria

The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy (INA JGHE) follows the authorship recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and applies additional journal-specific policies to promote transparency, accountability, and integrity in authorship.

According to the ICMJE recommendations, authorship should be based on all of the following four criteria:

  1. Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data.

  2. Drafting the work or reviewing it critically for important intellectual content.

  3. Final approval of the version to be published.

  4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work and to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

All individuals designated as authors must meet all four criteria. Those who do not meet all four criteria should not be listed as authors but may be acknowledged for their contributions where appropriate.

Responsibilities of Authors

All authors are collectively responsible for the integrity of the work. Each author should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of other authors and should cooperate in resolving any questions concerning the accuracy or integrity of the work.

Corresponding Author

The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the journal throughout the submission, peer-review, revision, and publication processes.

The corresponding author must ensure that:

• all authors have approved the manuscript and its submission;
• the authorship and author order have been agreed upon by all authors;
• the final version of the manuscript has been approved by all authors; and
• all required declarations, ethical approvals, conflict-of-interest disclosures, and other submission documents are complete and accurate.

Non-Author Contributors

Individuals who contribute to the work but do not meet all four authorship criteria should not be listed as authors. Their contributions may be acknowledged where appropriate.

Examples may include general supervision, administrative support, funding acquisition alone, technical assistance, language editing, proofreading, or other contributions that do not meet the authorship criteria.

Changes in Authorship

Authorship should be determined before manuscript submission.

Any request to add, remove, or change the order of authors after submission must be accompanied by a clear justification and written agreement from all authors, including any author being added or removed. The journal may request supporting documentation when necessary.

Authorship disputes should first be addressed by the authors and, when necessary, referred to the relevant institution or appropriate authority.

Authorship Manipulation

INA JGHE does not permit guest authorship, honorary authorship, ghost authorship, or any other form of authorship manipulation.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Assisted Technology

INA JGHE follows the ICMJE recommendations regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technologies, including large language models (LLMs), chatbots, and AI-based image-generation tools.

Authors must disclose the use of AI-assisted technologies in the production of a submitted manuscript. Authors who use AI-assisted technologies should describe the tool used and how it was used in the cover letter and/or manuscript, as appropriate.

AI-assisted technologies, including ChatGPT and other chatbots, must not be listed as authors or co-authors because they cannot assume responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work. Human authors remain fully responsible for all material submitted to the journal.

Reference

International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. Updated January 2026.