Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Characteristics of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Maligna at Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto General Hospital: A Retrospective Descriptive Study

Abstract

Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most common lymphoid neoplasms, frequently presenting with extranodal involvement, including the lower gastrointestinal tract and mesentery. Accurate diagnosis requires integration of clinical data, histopathological features, and immunohistochemical (IHC) markers. However, evidence regarding clinical characteristics and IHC profiles of NHL in these anatomical sites remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and IHC profile (CD20 and CD3) of NHL involving the lower gastrointestinal tract and mesentery at Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto General Hospital during 2022-2024.

Methods: The experiment was conducted using a retrospective descriptive design with secondary data from medical records. The study population included patients diagnosed with NHL of the lower gastrointestinal tract and mesentery, fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Extracted variables comprised age, sex, residence, tumor site, and IHC results (CD20 and CD3). Subsequently, the data extracted were analyzed using univariate descriptive statistics.

Results: The results showed that 40 patients met eligibility criteria, with the majority being 40–60 years (57.5%) and predominantly men (60%). Tumors were most frequently located in the caecum (32.5%) and mesentery (27.5%), with the majority of patients residing in Banyumas (25%). IHC analysis showed that 37 patients (92.5%) had CD20 positivity, consistent with B-cell NHL, while 3 patients (7.5%) expressed CD3 positivity, indicating T-cell NHL.

Conclusion: Lower gastrointestinal and mesenteric NHL predominantly affected middle-aged men, most commonly involving the caecum, with B-cell type as the predominant subtype.